METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN THE STUDY OF HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS OF I. BYCHKO

Abstract

The relevance of the topic is lies in the fact that in the modern history of philosophical thought in Ukraine, philosophers use various methodological approaches, which, in our opinion, have a significant impact on the methodology of teaching the history of philosophy to young people, applicants for higher education in Ukraine. The history of philosophical thought in Ukraine, in our opinion, received its powerful impetus starting from 2014. Then the Russian imperialists decided to subjugate the Ukrainians, to eliminate the state of Ukraine, its history, culture, and philosophy. But the Ukrainian people, who have been independent since 1991, stood up for their freedom, territory, language, and culture. In order to achieve their aggressive goals, the Russian imperialists launched a full-scale war in February 2022 aimed at destroying the Ukrainian people and the state of Ukraine.

It is in this connection that the historical and philosophical issues have become significantly relevant in all educational institutions of Ukraine, and especially in those that provide higher education to Ukrainian youth. Therefore, over the past ten years, Ukrainian scientists-philosophers have begun to actively analyze various methodological approaches in their research aimed at conveying to students the significance and value of philosophical thought in the history of Ukraine. This prompted us to a painstaking scientific and educational analysis of the works of Ukrainian philosophers who covered the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine at different times of its formation and development and adhered to certain methodological approaches and guidelines. Among the luminaries-analysts of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine, we were interested in the scientific works of Professor Igor Valentynovich Bychko. And in particular, his methodological approaches in the study of the historical and philosophical development of the Ukrainian people. Therefore, we are convinced that it is precisely the coverage of the thinker's philosophical ideas in this cultural and educational perspective that is becoming increasingly relevant for Ukrainian youth today.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the methodological approaches relevant to the present in the study of the historical and philosophical ideas of I. Bychko. Which will be based on the ideas produced by the thinker: 1) philosophical and anthropological; 2) existential; 3) national and cultural directions of development of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine. And to highlight the views of I. Bychko on the problems of forming a nationally conscious citizen of Ukraine using his scientific and creative historical and philosophical works.

The methodological basis is the result of the scientific and philosophical search for key methodological approaches of I. Bychko to the problems of historical and philosophical thought of Ukraine, on which he focused his attention in his works. In particular, these are: the Ukrainian historical and cultural tradition, the value of freedom of choice for a Ukrainian, personal responsibility and existential tension of a Ukrainian person. It is in this context that the historical and philosophical thought of I. Bychko develops and is the key goal of comprehension by him and his students and followers of both the global and Ukrainian historical and cultural tradition.

The scientific novelty of our study lies in the fact that the practical significance and expediency of applying the methodological approaches of I.V. Bychko when covering the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine have been clarified. After all, his attention was focused precisely on cultivating a high culture of philosophical thinking of Ukrainians, the significance of their philosophical-anthropological and existential immersion in their national roots and history. Orientation to humanistic values, freedom to choose a life path of development, personal responsibility of a person. And it is these philosophical ideas of I. Bychko today, during the war with the Russian empires, have the ideological and practical ability to protect Ukrainians from the loss of national identity and lay the foundations for young people in the process of forming a nationally self-conscious citizen of Ukraine.

Conclusions. We conducted an investigation aimed at highlighting the ideas and methodo­logical approaches relevant to the present day in the study of the historical and philosophical ideas of I. Bychko. It shows that the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine was and remains a solid foundation of Ukrainian national identity. Therefore, relying on the philosophical and anthropological ideas of our domestic thinkers, among whom Professor Ihor Valentynovych Bychko occupies a prominent place. The youth of Ukraine in general and higher education students in particular will be oriented towards achieving a high culture of philosophical thinking of the Ukrainian person of today. And this, in the end, can contribute to the process of forming a nationally self-conscious citizen of Ukraine. At the same time, as I. Bychko emphasized, Ukrainians in their history have always strived to comprehend both the global and Ukrainian historical and cultural traditions. And all this ultimately rested on the defining basis of human existence in Ukraine, which consisted in freedom of choice as the existential orientation of Ukrainians, their personal responsibility for their actions, their family and their country. The thinker also adds to this process the humanistic intentions of Ukrainians, their possession of the philosophy of critical thinking, which in many cataclysms of the history of our people often helped to direct the reflective position of Ukrainians in the right direction, contributed to their self-determination.

Therefore, the methodological approaches and ideas that Professor I. Bychko promoted in his works should contribute to the free development of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine and, thanks to this, form nationally conscious citizens of our state. In addition, philosophical-anthropological, existential, and national-culturological ideas in the development of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine brought a positive impetus to the socio-political development of our people.