FORMATION OF HUMANISTIC ORIENTATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BASED ON THE WORKS OF H. SKOVORODA

Abstract

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that in the modern philosophical-educational and scientific-pedagogical discourse of Ukrainian thinkers, the analysis of the «veiled» ideas of the famous Ukrainian philosopher and teacher H. Skovoroda is becoming increasingly important. The philosophical and educational thought of Ukraine today is undergoing a specific test in practice of a whole layer of humanistic ideas generated by H. Skovoroda, which are associated with anthropocentrism, conformity to nature, orientation to universal human values, and the individual approach of the teacher to each student. After all, the Russian aggressive full-scale war since 2022, aimed by the Kremlin imperialists at the destruction of everything Ukrainian, has actualized the ideas of humanism. Because war is always accompanied by dehumanization, that is, the leveling of everything humane in relationships between people.

It is in this connection that the philosophical and educational issues in the field of humanistic orientations have become significantly relevant today in all educational institutions of the state of Ukraine. In our opinion, this fundamentally concerns those educational institutions that provide higher education to Ukrainian youth. In this philosophical and educational discourse, it is appropriate for us to turn to the work of the world-famous Ukrainian philosopher, teacher, Christian humanist H. Skovoroda.

After all, as Ukrainian scientists have emphasized: philosophers, philologists, teachers, historians. The works of H. Skovoroda represent a specific source of ideas of humanism intertwined with philosophical mysticism, Christian existentialism and philosophy of the heart. We need to decipher all these kaleidoscopic humanistic ideas and introduce them to students, revealing to them the entire palette of significance and value of the thinker's philosophical thought in the history of Ukraine.

The philosophical and educational work of H. Skovoroda in the field of humanism prompts us to a detailed philosophical and educational analysis of both the works of the thinker and the works of Ukrainian scientists who sought to decode his veiled ideas and humanistic orientations. Therefore, we are convinced that the formation of humanistic orientations of higher education students in Ukraine today during the Russian-Ukrainian war must be carried out based on the works of H. Skovoroda.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the humanistic philosophical and educational ideas of H. Skovoroda that are relevant to the present day. Which are the basis of his: 1) philosophy of the heart; 2) Christian existentialism; 3) philosophy of mysticism. And which have been inherent in the cultural and philosophical development of the Ukrainian people since ancient times. And today they also have a certain influence on humanistic issues in the process of forming a citizen of Ukraine.

The methodological basis is the result of the philosophical and educational search for key methodological approaches to the work of H. Skovoroda in the perspective of humanistic issues on which he focused our attention in his works. In particular, these are: the dominance of humanity over dehumanization, «heart-based humanism» and Christian existentialism. It was in this stream that the humanistic philosophical and educational thought of H. Skovoroda moved. And it is thanks to the kaleidoscopic diversity of the thinker's ideas that we should comprehend the entire polyphony of Ukrainian cultural and philosophical development in the field of humanism.

The scientific novelty of our research lies in the fact that the practical significance and expediency of applying the humanistic ideas of H. Skovoroda during the educational process for higher education students in Ukraine have been clarified. After all, the thinker directed our attention to human humanism, which is inherent in the philosophy of the heart, Christian teachings and to some extent the philosophy of mysticism. Besides, all this has been inherent in the cultural and philosophical development of the Ukrainian person from ancient times to the present day. Therefore, now, in a period of adversity, the ideas of H. Skovoroda remain relevant and have a certain influence on humanistic issues in the process of forming a citizen of Ukraine.

Because the Ukrainian person is philosophically, anthropologically and existentially deep in his national roots. Therefore, it is essentially oriented towards existential-humanistic values on the thorny path of its development. And the philosophical ideas of H. Skovoroda can have an ideological and practical influence on the formation of humanistic orientations of higher education students during the war with the Russian aggressor.

Conclusions. The research we conducted is aimed at highlighting the humanistic ideas relevant to the present day during the analysis of the works of the Ukrainian thinker H. Skovoroda. It shows that Ukrainian philosophical thought was and remains a specific source of humanistic ideas, which for centuries have been intertwined with the existence of Ukrainians and are embedded in the foundation of Ukrainian national identity. Therefore, relying on the philosophical and humanistic ideas of H. Skovoroda, which are often veiled by his philosophical mysticism, Christian existentialism and «philosophy of the heart», higher education students in Ukraine will receive the necessary guidelines for their humanistic development. This is what will orient them to master the key ideas of philosophical and humanistic thinking of man.

And this will ultimately affect the educational process of forming humanistic guidelines for a self-conscious citizen of Ukraine, which is in harmony with the cultural and philosophical traditions of our people. As a result, all the philosophical and educational work of H. Skovoroda was based on the defining basis of human existence in Ukraine, in which the central place is occupied by the orientation to humanism. Also quite interesting is H. Skovoroda's creative analysis of the process of humanistic orientation of Ukrainians due to their possession of the philosophy of critical thinking. After all, we know that it was critical thinking in many cataclysms of the history of the Ukrainian people that helped them choose the right path.

Therefore, the humanistic philosophical and educational ideas presented by H. Skovoroda in his works are able to influence the formation of humanistic orientations of higher education students in Ukraine and thus contribute to the process of formation and development of nationally conscious citizens of our state.