ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL DURING THE REFORM OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION IN UKRAINE (1954–1964)
Keywords:
organization of educational process, primary school, elementary school students, reforming of general secondary education, UkraineAbstract
The purpose of the work is to identify and characterize the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in primary school during the reform of general secondary education in Ukraine in 1954-1964 in order to obtain new historical and pedagogical knowledge and take into account previous experience in creating the New Ukrainian School.
The methodological basis of the study are source studies (provided an opportunity to identify and analyze different types of sources that cover the organization of the educational process in primary school within selected chronological limits), historiography (helped to identify problems in historical and pedagogical science), and epistemological principles of historicism. efficiency, a combination of historical and logical, systematic. To achieve the purpose of the study, a set of methods was used: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization), historical-structural, historical-genetic, comparative-comparative.
The scientific novelty is that the study identifies and systematically highlights the specifics of the educational process in primary school within the selected chronological boundaries, namely: the structure and duration of the school year, the occupancy of primary school, the organization of the school day, the organization of teaching subjects.
Conclusions. During the period of reforming general secondary education in Ukraine in 1954–1964, the search for the optimal organization of the educational process in primary school was carried out at the state and scientific levels. It is positive that changes in the structure and duration of the school year, the organization of the school day of junior students were carried out taking into account their age characteristics. We commend the actualization of the issue of optimal organization of teaching in IV grades (introduction of cyclic, subject and class-subject teaching systems); transfer of teaching in elementary school singing, drawing and physical education to subject teachers. At the same time, the education of primary school students in several shifts, high class size, overload of primary school teachers are among the shortcomings.
References
Berezivska, L. D. (2008). Reformuvannia shkilnoi osvity v Ukraini u ХХ stolitti [Reforming school education in Ukraine in the 20th century]. Kyiv, Ukraine : Bohdanova A. M.
Havrylenko, T. L. (2014). Hosudarstvennaia polytyka otnosytelno nachalnoho obrazovanyia v Ukraynskoi SSR (1954–1964 rr.) [State policy regarding primary education in the Ukrainian SSR (1954–1964)]. Almanakh sovremennoi nauky i obrazovanyia – Almanac of modern science and education, 4, 36–40.
Havrylenko, T. L. (2020). Pryntsypy pochatkovoi osvity v konteksti shkilnoi reformy v Ukraini 1954–1964 rr. [Principles of primary education in the context of school reform in Ukraine 1954–1964]. New Inception, 1, 60–71.
Havrylenko, T. L. (2019). Rozvytok pochatkovoi osvity v Ukraini u druhii polovyni ХХ – na pochatku ХХІ stolittia: istoryko-pedahohichnyi aspekt : monohrafiia [Development of primary education in Ukraine in the second half of the XX – beginning of the XXI century: historical and pedagogical aspect: monograph]. Kyiv, Ukraine : Feniks.
Hihiienichni vymohy do orhanizatsii rezhymu dnia v shkolakh (hrupakh) z prodovzhenym dnem (instruktyvno-metodychnyi lyst) [Hygienic requirements for the organization of the daily routine in schools (groups) with an extended day (instructional and methodical letter)] (1963). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta instruktsii Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 2, 15–22.
Korsun, H. P., Naida, K. D., Levina, E. Yu. (1963). My – za! [We – for!]. Radianska shkola, 10, 86-87.
Kukhta, A. M. (1964). Nastupnist u roboti pochatkovykh i serednikh klasiv [Continuity in the work of primary and secondary classes]. Radianska shkola, 1, 36–38.
Navchalni plany vosmyrichnykh i serednikh shkil z ukrainskoiu movoiu navchannia na 1960/61 navchalnyi rik [Curricula of eight-year and secondary schools with the Ukrainian language of instruction for the 1960/61 academic year] (1960). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta instruktsii Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 19/20, 2–8.
Polozhennia pro vosmyrichnu shkolu : zatv. postanovoiu Rady Ministriv URSR vid 16 serp. 1960 r. № 1337 [Regulations on the eight-year school: approved. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of 16 August. 1960 № 1337] (1960). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta instruktsii Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 17/18, 2–10.
TsDAVO Ukrainy – CSASBG of Ukraine. F. 5127. Op. 1. Spr. 356. 123 ark.
Pro zminu strokiv tryvalosti vesnianykh kanikul i zakinchennia navchalnykh zaniat v pochatkovykh, semyrichnykh i serednikh shkolakh URSR : nakaz M-va osvity URSR vid 8 hrud. 1954 r. № 534 [On changing the duration of spring break and the end of classes in primary, seven-year and secondary schools of the USSR: the order of the Ministry of Education of the USSR from 8 December. 1954 № 534] (1954). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta rozporiadzhen Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 22, 19–20.
Pro zmitsnennia zviazku shkoly z zhyttiam i pro dalshyi rozvytok systemy narodnoi osvity v Ukrainskii RSR: Zakon Ukrainskoi RSR vid 17 kvit. 1959 r. [On strengthening the connection between school and life and on the further development of the system of public education in the Ukrainian SSR: Law of the Ukrainian SSR of April 17, 1959] (1969). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta instruktsii Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 8, 2–14.
Pro komplektuvannia klasiv zahalnoosvitnikh shkil uchniamy : lyst M-va osvity URSR vid 16 kvit. 1957 r. № 41-01/№18-35/568 [About acquisition of classes of comprehensive schools by pupils: the letter of the Ministry of Education of the Ukrainian SSR from April 16. 1957 № 41-01 / №18–35 / 568] (1957). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta rozporiadzhen Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 1957, 6/7, 45–46.
Pro poriadok roboty shkil v subotu i v peredsviatkovi dni : lyst M-va osvity URSR vid 13 kvit. 1956 r. № 20– 89/u [About the order of work of schools on Saturday and on pre-holiday days: the letter of the Ministry of Education of the USSR from April 13. 1956 № 20–89 / y] (1956). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta rozporiadzhen Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 9, 22.
Pro seriozni nedoliky v komplektuvanni pochatkovykh, semyrichnykh i serednikh shkil URSR uchniamy : nakaz M-va osvity URSR vid 8 liut. 1955 r. № 42 [About serious shortcomings in staffing of primary, sevenyear and secondary schools of the USSR with students: the order of the Ministry of Education of the USSR from February 8. 1955 № 42] (1955). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta rozporiadzhen Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 5, 7.
Pro stan komplektuvannia klasiv uchniamy v shkolakh Ukrainskoi RSR : nakaz M-va osvity URSR vid 4 zhovt. 1961 r. № 208 [On the state of staffing of classes in schools of the Ukrainian SSR: the order of the Ministry of Education of the USSR of October 4. 1961 № 208] (1961). Zbirnyk nakaziv ta instruktsii Ministerstva osvity Ukrainskoi RSR, 21, 5–6.
TsDAVO Ukrainy – CSASBG of Ukraine. F. 5127. Op. 1. Spr. 493. 106 ark.
TsDAVO Ukrainy – CSASBG of Ukraine. F. 5127. Op. 1. Spr. 410. 69 ark.
Chepeliev, V. I. (1963). Za dalshe udoskonalennia roboty 1–4 klasiv [For further improvement of 1-4 grades]. Radianska shkola, 2, 47–53.
