THE STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF CHERNIHIV COLLEGIUM (1700-1786)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the content, organisational forms, methods of development of the educational space of the Chernihiv Collegium (1700–1786), substantiation of the influence of Western European pedagogical thought on the formation of the pedagogical environment of Orthodox educational institutions in Ukraine.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and chronological approach, which helps to identify educational changes at a certain historical stage in close connection with specific historical conditions and in chronological order, and the cultural approach, which helps to find the theoretical and practical achievements of students and teachers of one of the spiritual educational institutions of the Chernihiv region of the XVIII century, their importance for the development of modern education. Accordingly, the study uses retrospective, chronological and systematic, problem-search methods, historical and pedagogical analysis of literary sources.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive study of the content, organisational forms, methods of formation and development of educational space on the territory of the leading spiritual educational institution of the Chernihiv-Siverian region of the XVIII century – the Chernihiv Collegium. In addition, an attempt is made to substantiate the influence of the Western European educational tradition on the functioning of the educational space of spiritual educational institutions in the Ukrainian lands.

Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of sources and literature has shown that the educational space of the Chernihiv Collegium (1700–1786) was influenced by Western and Eastern European cultural traditions and had the following structure: philosophical, pedagogical and scientific views and activities of teachers; specifics of the educational process, content, forms, methods and means of teaching students; everyday life and leisure of teachers and students.

The activity of educational institutions of the eighteenth century in Chernihiv region became the driving force of educational progress not only in Chernihiv-Siverian region, but also in the whole of Ukraine. The content of education in the spiritual educational institutions of the Chernihiv region, including the Chernihiv Collegium, primarily involved the formation of students' knowledge of philosophy, homiletics, poetry, rhetoric, grammar, music, etc. The structural components of the content were the ability to master the word, the ability to compose poetry, skills in playing musical instruments and mastery of performance techniques, etc. The organisational forms of education were dominated by lectures, debates, narratives, conclusions, the atricalisation of religious and secular subjects, travelling concerts, and the leading teaching methods were verbal, visual and practical. The various influences that emanated from the Orthodox collegium and were directed at the surrounding environment turned into established cultural phenomena.

The Orthodox collegium represented the meeting of the cultural traditions of the West and the East of Europe. Elements of the collegium model were adapted to local needs and conditions and, in the process of transformation, lost certain features of Western European educational institutions. The reproduction of the content of academic disciplines and didactic teaching methods gives grounds to assert that the collegium adopted the educational traditions and basic teaching methods of the humanistic schools of Europe.