RESTORATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES OF ADOLESCENTS

Abstract

Health and physical fitness continue to remain an important component of the competencies identified by the New Ukrainian School as priority areas for student development. Attention to these tasks, and above all to load parameters, increases during adolescence and therefore requires effective recommendations.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises in functional disorders of the spine and joints in adolescents engaged in various sports.

Materials and Methods. The research was conducted during 2024–2025. The experiment involved first-year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture of Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, students of Lyceums No. 6 and No. 2, and students of the Youth Sports School No. 2 of Kamianets-Podilskyi. To achieve the stated objectives, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic; testing of the functional state of the musculoskeletal system using functional movement tests; functional assessment of hemodynamic parameters; anthropometric measurements of schoolchildren and students; methods for measuring joint range of motion; statistical data processing and comparative analysis.

The scientific novelty lies in the use of therapeutic exercises in isotonic and isometric modes, which effectively influence the internal systems of the body, improve the functional condition of the joints, promote the correction of interrelationships between the spinal segments, and reduce contractures.

Conclusions. During the experimental period, the indicator of normal posture improved in football-playing students against a background of reduced stooping, as well as in track and field athletes and wrestlers. Among gymnasts, the percentage of students with normal posture remained at baseline levels. The shoulder index, as an indicator of stooping development, showed positive changes in volleyball players and taekwondo athletes. Following the application of rehabilitation measures during the experiment, the motor capacity of the shoulder and ankle joints in student-athletes improved: flexion movements improved in football players and gymnasts, while extension movements improved in track and field athletes, wrestlers, and taekwondo athletes.