FEATURES OF THE DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED-STRENGTH QUALITIES IN 15–16-YEAR-OLD FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the pressing issue of improving the speed-strength training of 15-16-year-old female basketball players through the implementation of a differentiated approach. In modern conditions of sports training, the individualization of the training process is becoming particularly relevant, as it increases the efficiency of developing physical qualities by taking into account the functional capabilities of athletes. The lack of clearly developed methodological recommendations for implementing a differentiated approach in women’s basketball determines the need for scientific substantiation of effective training tools and methods for this age group.

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a differentiated approach to the development of speed-strength qualities in 15-16-year-old female basketball players.

Methodology. The research used the following methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaire surveys of coaches, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics.

Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical substantiation and practical implementation of a differentiated training methodology aimed at developing the speed-strength abilities of adolescent female basketball players. For the first time, pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of this approach have been substantiated, including individual load regulation, continuous feedback, and the integration of a motivational-competitive component into training sessions.

Results. Pedagogical testing at the beginning of the research showed that most athletes demonstrated an average level of development of speed-strength qualities. During the study, a differentiated training methodology was implemented, which divided the athletes into three subgroups based on their physical fitness level – high, medium, and below average. The main tools of differentiation included: adjusting the number of repetitions, varying the rest duration between sets, individual selection of weights, and changing the pace of exercises – from moderate in technically complex movements to maximal in speed-oriented exercises. Particular attention was paid to the motivational-competitive component: the training structure included game-based and competitive exercises (relays, paired duels, team challenges), and individual progress was recorded in «achievement cards», which helped enhance intrinsic motivation among athletes.

After implementing the developed methodology, the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in performance indicators: 20 m sprint – by 6,2%, 4×10 m shuttle run – by 5,8%, vertical jump – by 12,7%, and medicine ball throw – by 8,4%. In the control group, progress was less pronounced. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the differentiated approach in planning and managing training loads for the development of speed-strength qualities.

Conclusions. The application of a differentiated approach in the training of 15–16-year-old female basketball players ensures a significant improvement in the development of speed-strength qualities, contributes to the optimization of the training process, and promotes the formation of positive motivation for sports activities. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the proposed methodology in the work of coaches at youth sports schools.