BIOMECHANICS OF MOVEMENTS IN VARIOUS FITNESS DIRECTIONS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

Abstract

Biomechanics of movement in fitness is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge that integrates principles of mechanics, human anatomy, and physiology in order to analyze the effectiveness and safety of physical exercise performance.

The purpose of the study is to generalize theoretical approaches to the biomechanical
analysis of movements in fitness, identify the characteristics of movement mechanics across different fitness modalities, and substantiate the practical significance of the biomechanical approach for optimizing exercise technique and reducing the risk of injury.

The research methodology is based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources addressing the biomechanics of movement in strength training, functional exercises, Pilates, and yoga. The study examines modern biomechanical assessment methods, including three-dimensional motion capture, electromyography, and the use of force platforms, which allow for the determination of kinematic and dynamic movement parameters, the activity of primary and stabilizing muscles, as well as joint flexion and extension angles.

Scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to the analysis of movement biomechanics in fitness, taking into account various training modalities, as well as in highlighting the prospects for the application of modern technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, for automated movement analysis and the development of personalized training programs based on the anatomical and physiological, age-related, and gender-specific characteristics of individuals engaged in fitness activities.

Conclusions. Biomechanical analysis of movement is an essential tool in modern fitness
practice, contributing to increased training effectiveness, rational distribution of muscular load, and minimization of injury risk. It was found that the main factors contributing to injury include improper exercise technique, core instability, and overload of specific muscle groups. The proposed methodological recommendations for technique correction and individualization of training programs enable the development of safe and effective physical load schemes for various population groups, promoting movement awareness and health preservation.