HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF UKRAINE IN THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES: PERSONALITIES AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ITS TEACHING

Abstract

The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact, that in our time of 2025, in practice, teaching the course «History of Philosophical Thought of Ukraine in the 20th-21st Centuries in Personalities» to higher education students requires the use of specific methodological approaches. After all, they, in our opinion, have a significant direct impact on the methodology of teaching this course to modern students of higher educational institutions of the state of Ukraine.

We believe that the methodological aspects of the presentation of philosophical thought and ideas of Ukrainian thinkers-philosophers: V. S. Horsky, V. I. Shynkaruk, M. I. Mykhalchenko, V. I. Shevchenko, V. G. Tabachkovskiy, I. V. Bychko, A. K. Bychko, A. I. Melnyk, I. E. Bekeshkina, B. D. Havrylyshyn, M. V. Popovich and many others, were radically actualized precisely in 2014, when Russian imperialists wanted to gradually take away from Ukrainians first Crimea, then Donbas, and then from February 2022, through to a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, destroy our state Ukraine, ban the Ukrainian language and erase the concept of Ukrainian as a nationality. But the bloody Russian imperialists failed to realize their bloodthirsty plans. The state of Ukraine and the Ukrainian people continue to heroically fight for their land, freedom and independence in 2025. This struggle, in our opinion, is in many aspects connected with the ideological reinforcement of our thinkers-philosophers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, who in their works promoted the Ukrainian national identity, the freedom-loving Ukrainians, the greatness of the Ukrainian spirit of freedom and the significance of the state of Ukraine. It is in this connection  that today, we must focus on the specifics of teaching the history of philosophical thought of Ukraine of the 20th-21st centuries in personalities, and highlight the key methodological aspects of teaching to higher education students in Ukraine the main ideas of Ukrainian philosophers, who in their scientific researches considered the philosophy of the development of the state of Ukraine and its people on the principles of freedom and democracy. In this perspective, a detailed scientific analysis of the thoughts and ideas of Ukrainian thinkers-philosophers of the 20th-21st centuries, in our opinion, is relevant for modern philosophical thought in Ukraine.

The purpose of the work is to conduct a detailed analysis of the methodological aspects of teaching the history of philosophical thought of Ukraine in the 20th-21st centuries in personalities that are relevant today. In our deep conviction, this study should use philosophicalanthropological, socio-cultural and historical-situational approaches. Such a statement of the purpose of the study will allow us to crystallize the methodological aspects of teaching the philosophical thought of Ukrainian thinkers and compare their analysis of historical-philosophical and socio-political processes that took place in Ukraine in the 20th-21st centuries.

The methodological basis is works of Ukrainian thinkers of the 20th-21st centuries: philosophers, teachers, historians. These works reflect important ideas, positions, and conclusions, thanks to which we today have the opportunity to conduct a scientific search for methodological principles necessary for teaching the course of the history of philosophical thought of Ukraine of the 20th-21st centuries in personalities, to higher education students.

The scientific novelty of this philosophical and methodological research lies in the fact that we seek to find out the practical benefit of the philosophical thought of Ukrainian thinkers of the 20th-21st centuries and characterize the expediency of applying methodological aspects when teaching it to students. At the same time, we emphasize the active involvement of higher education students in a thorough analysis of the thoughts of philosophers based on critical thinking when analyzing their works.

Conclusions. The research we conducted is aimed at analyzing the history of philosophical thought of Ukraine of the 20th-21st centuries in personalities and methodological aspects of its teaching to higher education students in Ukrainian universities. The study shows that the history of philosophical thought of Ukraine, thanks to a galaxy of outstanding Ukrainian thinkersphilosophers, developed in the indicated period on a par with European and American philosophical schools. And our thinkers-philosophers: V. S. Gorsky, V. I. Shynkaruk, M. I. Mykhalchenko, V. I. Shevchenko, V. G. Tabachkovsky, I. V. Bychko, A. K. Bychko, A. I. Melnyk, M. V. Popovich, V. M. Nichyk and many others, based their philosophizing on the ideas of humanism, freedom and democracy.

It is thanks to such landmarks that Ukrainian philosophical thought of the 20th-21st centuries was relevant then and remains relevant today. And this aspect of freedom, humanism and democracy in the works of prominent Ukrainian thinkers is especially appreciated in our turbulent time of Russian military aggression aimed at the genocide of the Ukrainian people. It is appropriate in this study to emphasize that the vast majority of Ukrainian thinkers-philosophers felt the danger from our neighbors «Russian imperialists» and paved the way to the standards of philosophical thought of freedom, humanism and democracy, available in Europe and America.

Therefore, the methodological aspects of teaching higher education students in Ukraine the history of philosophical thought in personalities, in our belief, will have an effective ability to develop critical thinking in students, and reliance on the humanistic ideas of Ukrainian philosophers will help our youth overcome the vast majority of «negative ideology» which is today spread through the mass media by the aggressor country. In general, the philosophical thought of Ukrainian thinkers of the 20th-21st centuries combines the best humanistic and democratic traditions of Western European and North American philosophers. In addition, modern domestic philosophical thought had its positive dynamics in terms of studying the history of the development of the «curiosity» of the Ukrainian people from ancient times to our time. Because of this, the use of a whole range of methodological techniques in highlighting the ideas of Ukrainian thinkers can reveal the wide palette of thoughts of Ukrainian philosophers who cared about the fate of the state of Ukraine and its people.