ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТЕПЕНИ СИММЕТРИИ АНТИГРАВИТАЦИОННЫХ МЫШЦ, УЧАСТВУЮЩИХ В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОЙ ПОЗЫ И ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ОСАНКИ У ШТАНГИСТОВ И ПЛОВЦОВ

Abstract

The article carries out a theoretical analysis and determines on an experimental basis the influence of swimming and weightlifting exercises on the symmetry of the biomechanical properties of antigravity muscles involved in the regulation of the vertical posture and the formation of posture.

The purpose of the work is revealing the degree of antigravity muscles symmetry, in terms of their biomechanical properties, under the influence of physical exercises that simulate conditions of increased and decreased gravity.

Methodology. The work used the analysis of special literature on physical exercises of various didactic orientations and their influence on the development of the axial skeleton and the posture’s state. To methodological foundations of the study, the main attention was paid to the study of the mechanisms of the formation and maintenance of the upright pose under long-term and systematic influence of physical exercises various gravitational orientation (weightlifting and swimming). We studied the effect of these exercises on biomechanical properties of muscles that ensure the orthograde pose. The reactions of the skeletal muscles of the subjects were recorded by the method of myotonometry. In this regard, the tone of 5 muscles was determined: 1) trapezius; 2) straightening the spine; 3) gluteus maximus; 4) biceps femoris; 5) the gastrocnemius muscle. Also, the symmetry index introduced by us, defined as the ratio of the lower in absolute value of the tone of a muscle to the greater in terms of tone of the corresponding muscle, expressed as a percentage.

Scientific novelty lies in the establishment of the degree of symmetry of antigravity muscles involved in the regulation of the vertical pose, according to their biomechanical properties indicators, in weightlifters and swimmers.

Conclusions. Analysis of the biomechanical properties of antigravity muscles involved in the regulation of the vertical pose showed that in weightlifters and swimmers, the topography of the muscle tone depends on the direction of the impact of physical exercises relative to the gravity vector of their body. It was found that physical exercises simulating conditions of increased and decreased gravity are the morpho-forming means that determine the type of body in a given sport. It is characterized that the asymmetry acquired in the process of ontogenetic development remains a factor accompanying the development of the athlete’s physical qualities, taking into account individual characteristics, the specificity of adaptive rearrangements of organs and systems and the athlete’s predisposition to the practiced exercises.

Further work on the influence of the degree of symmetry of the biomechanical properties of muscles on the dynamics of development of the special physical qualities, and the corresponding results in a given sport, give a more complete picture for predicting, modeling and projecting the preparation of high class athletes.